All Abbreviations and Elaboration in Telecommunication Sector
In Bangladesh’s telecommunications sector, various abbreviations are frequently used to describe technologies, organizations, protocols, and services. Here’s a list of commonly used abbreviations related to the telecommunications network:
2G – 2nd Generation (Mobile Networks)/ Second Generation Mobile Communication System
3G – 3rd Generation (Mobile Networks)
4G – 4th Generation (Mobile Networks)
5G – 5th Generation (Mobile Networks)
APN – Access Point Name
ARPU – Average Revenue Per User
BER – Bit Error Rate
BTCL – Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited
BTRC – Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission
BTS – Base Transceiver Station
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
CS – Circuit Switching
CR – Change Record
CDR – Call Drop Rate
DL – Downlink
DR – Data Roaming
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
EDGE – Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EIR – Equipment Identity Register
EVDO – Evolution-Data Optimized (3G CDMA)
FDD – Frequency Division Duplex
FTTH – Fiber to the Home
GB – Gigabyte
GGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node
GHz – Gigahertz
GP – Grameenphone
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
HSPA – High-Speed Packet Access
ICT – Information and Communication Technology
ICX – Interconnection Exchange
iEPMS – Intelligent Engineering Project Management System(IEPMS)
IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force
IF – Intermediate Frequency
IGW – International Gateway
IIG – International Internet Gateway
IMT – International Mobile Telecommunications
IoT – Internet of Things
IP – Internet Protocol
ISP – Internet Service Provider
ITU – International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T – International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
IVR – Interactive Voice Response
LAN – Local Area Network
LTE – Long-Term Evolution (4G technology)
LTE-A – LTE Advanced
MHz – Megahertz
MMS – Multimedia Messaging Service
MPD – Minute Per Drop/ Minutes Per Drop
MSC – Mobile Switching Center
MVNO – Mobile Virtual Network Operator
NOC – Network Operations Center
NR – New Radio (5G technology)
NTTN – Nationwide Telecommunication Transmission Network
OFC – Optical Fiber Communication
OSS – Operations Support Systems
OTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
PABX – Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PBX – Private Branch Exchange
PCM – Pulse Code Modulation
PS – Packet Switching
PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS – Quality of Service
RAN – Radio Access Network
RF – Radio Frequency
RFC – Request for Comments (technical standards)
ROBI – Robi Axiata, another major telecom operator
RoW – Right of Way
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
SIP – Session Initiation Protocol
SMS – Short Message Service
SPD – Surge Protection Device
STM – Synchronous Transport Module
STP – Stability Test Report/ Signal Transfer Point/ Spanning-Tree Protocol
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDD – Time Division Duplex
TD-LTE – Time-Division Long-Term Evolution
Teletalk – Government-owned telecom operator
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G)
VLR – Visitor Location Register
VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol
VoLTE – Voice over LTE
VPN – Virtual Private Network
VSAT – Very Small Aperture Terminal
VSWR – Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WAN – Wide Area Network
WiMAX – Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
WLL – Wireless Local Loop
WWW – World Wide Web
XDSL – Extended Digital Subscriber Line
A measure of the number of bit errors that occur in a transmission system. It represents the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits sent.
STP – Shielded Twisted Pair / Signal Transfer Point
Shielded Twisted Pair: A type of network cabling that uses twisted pair wires with shielding to reduce interference.
Signal Transfer Point: In SS7 (Signaling System No. 7), an STP is used to route signaling messages between different exchanges.
SRMS – Subscriber Relationship Management System
A system used by telecom operators to manage their relationships with customers, including billing, customer service, and service provisioning.
OTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
A device used in fiber-optic networks to test the integrity of a fiber link by sending light pulses down the fiber and measuring the reflections to detect faults or breaks.
STM – Synchronous Transport Module
A standard unit for measuring the capacity of data transmission in the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks. For example, STM-1 (155.52 Mbps), STM-4, etc.
hiT – Hybrid Integrated Transport
A product family from Nokia Siemens Networks (formerly Siemens) that refers to transport solutions for network infrastructure, used for optical and packet-based networks to support multi-service traffic.
Signal Transfer Point (STP) Failure in Telecommunications:
STP failure in the context of Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) refers to the malfunction of the Signal Transfer Point, a critical node in the SS7 network that routes signaling messages between network switches.
Causes of STP Failure:
Hardware failure in the STP equipment.
Network congestion or overload of signaling traffic.
Software issues causing routing errors or message mismanagement.
Configuration errors in the signaling system.
Symptoms of STP Failure:
Call setup failure, where calls cannot be initiated or routed.
Call drops due to lost or delayed signaling messages.
SMS delivery failure in mobile networks.
Network signaling disruptions affecting telecom services like roaming or call handovers.
STP failure can disrupt physical network connections (in the case of cabling) or signaling and routing within telecom networks (in the case of SS7 systems).
VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. It is a measure used in telecommunications and radio frequency (RF) systems to evaluate how efficiently radio frequency power is transmitted from a source, through a transmission line, and into a load (e.g., antenna).
Key Points about VSWR:
Definition: It represents the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage in a standing wave pattern along a transmission line.
Purpose: It indicates the degree of mismatch between the transmission line and the load (antenna, etc.).
Ideal VSWR: A VSWR of 1:1 is ideal and indicates a perfect match between the transmission line and the load, meaning all the power is transmitted with no reflection.
Higher VSWR: A higher VSWR (e.g., 2:1, 3:1) indicates that some of the signal is being reflected back, which can lead to signal loss and inefficiency. A very high VSWR can damage equipment due to excessive reflected power.
Importance in Telecommunications:
Antenna Efficiency: In cellular networks, VSWR is crucial for ensuring that antennas efficiently transmit RF signals with minimal power loss.
Network Performance: Poor VSWR results in high signal reflections, reducing network performance and potentially causing equipment failures.
Testing: Telecom engineers use VSWR measurements to tune antennas and transmission lines for optimal performance.
A good VSWR ratio ensures effective communication by minimizing power loss and maximizing signal transmission efficiency.
This list covers a wide range of abbreviations used in the telecommunication industry in Bangladesh, especially those that are relevant to network operations and mobile communication services. Let me know if you need a more detailed explanation for any specific abbreviation.
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) measures how efficiently radio frequency (RF) power travels from a source (like a transmitter) through a transmission line (like a cable) to a load (like an antenna), indicating impedance mismatch by showing voltage peaks and valleys from reflected power. A perfect match has a VSWR of 1:1 (no reflection), while higher numbers (e.g., 3:1) mean more power is reflected, leading to signal loss, reduced range, wasted energy, and potential damage to equipment, making a low VSWR crucial for good performance.